Summer 2019 MSBTE solved answers

SUMMER 2019 MSBTE Board paper answers

Q.1 a. Why gargles are submitted in concentrated form?

Gargles are submitted in concentrated form because,

 The quantity of solution require for doing one time gargle is around 20 ml.

 Therefore if it is dispensed in dilute form it requires the large quantity which is practically impossible to dispense.

 Therefore they are dispensed in concentrated form

b. What is double wrapping? Where it is useful?

When wrapping is done in white glazed paper which is lined with waxed paper is called as double wrapping. The lining is cut a few mm smaller than the white glazed paper and is quite satisfactory to fold both papers together.

It is useful for wrapping of volatile, hygroscopic and deliquescent substances

c. Discuss the drawbacks of cocoa butter as a suppository base.

Following are drawbacks of cocoa butter as a suppository base-

 Exhibits marked polymorphism.

 Rancidity.

 Stick to mould.

 Leakage from body cavity.

 Costly.

 Immiscibility with body fluid.

 Chloral hydrate or lactic acid liquefies it.

 Melts in warm weather

d. Give the metric equivalent of the following:

i) 1 pound – 450 gram

ii) 1 grain – 64.8 mg/60mg

iii) 1 dessert spoonful – 8.00 ml

iv) 15 minim – 0.06 x 15 = 0.9 ml

e. List reasons causing therapeutic incompatibility.

Following are reasons causing therapeutic incompatibility

 Error in dosage.

 Wrong dose or dosage form.

 Synergism and Antagonism drug.

 Contraindication.

 Drug interactions

f. Define with example (any one)

i) Douches – Douches are medicated soln. for rinsing body cavity mostly for bladder, vagina, rectum, nasal cavity.

E.g. Potassium permanganate douche solution, Isotonic sodium chloride solution etc.

ii) Gargles – Gargles are clear aqueous solutions used to prevent or treat throat infections. They are brought into intimate contact with the mucous membrane of the throat and are allowed to remain in contact with it for few seconds, before they are thrown out of the mouth.

E.g. Potassium chlorate and Phenol gargles B.P.C,

Phenol gargles ,

Potassium chloride and phenol gargle

iii) Inhalations – Inhalations are solutions or suspensions of volatile, aromatic

substances administered by the nasal or oral respiratory route in the form of

vapour inhaled from the surface of hot water.

Eg. Eucalyptus oil Inhalations

g. What is HLB? Give it’s significance.

Griffin devised useful method for calculating balanced mixtures of emulsifying agents to provide a particular type of emulsion.in which every emulsifying agent has given number ranging from 1-18 .It is called as HLB or (Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance System .

Significance –

It is very difficult to select a proper emulsifying agents for the preparation of a stable emulsion from large number of emulsifying agents. No single emulsifying agent possess all the properties required for preparation of stable emulsion. So sometimes it is necessary to use two or more than two emulsifying agents instead of one to prepare stable emulsion

h. Give any four qualities of a good suspension.

The qualities of Ideal suspension-

 It should settle slowly

 It should be readily re-dispersed on gentle shaking of the container.

 It should pour readily and evenly from its container.

 It should be chemically inert.

 The suspended particle should not form a cake.

 It should be free from large particles which spoils its appearance & give gritty taste to oral preparation and also cause irritation to sensitive tissues when applied externally

i.Define antiperspirants and deodorants.

Antiperspirants: These are the agents used to prevent the flow of perspiration to overcome bad smell which is due to bacterial decomposition

Eg. Aluminium salts

Deodorants: Deodorant inhibits the formation of bad odour in perspiration by suppressing the growth of bacteria or masks the unpleasant odour

Eg Salicyclic acid, boric acid, zinc stearate

j. Give the reasons, “glycerine is choice of vehicle for throat paints.”

Glycerine is used as vehicle in throat paint because-

 Glycerine is viscous in nature and adheres to the throat

 Increases contact time and prolong the action

 It is also act as soothing agent

k. White Vaseline is not used in ophthalmic ointment. Why?

White Vaseline is obtained from yellow soft paraffin by bleaching. White Vaseline is not used in ophthalmic ointment because it may contain small traces of bleaching agent which are left over after bleaching the yellow soft paraffin. Hence white Vaseline may cause irritation to eye

l. What are the advantages of parenteral products?

Advantages of parental products -

 Rapid onset of action.

 Immediate therapeutic action is possible.

 Each dose can be administered accurately.

 When oral route is not possible in unconscious and non-co-operative patient.

 When drugs get inactivated in GIT tract

 Prolong action can be possible by this route.

 Absorption of the drug faster compare to other route

2. a. Write the advantages and disadvantages of powder as a dosage form.

ADVANTAGES

 Faster dispersal of medicament compared to tablet, capsules

 Convenient for dispersing bulky drug.

 Dry therefore stable, less incompatible , rapid onset of action.

 Convenient for children & elderly patients.

 Economical.

DISADVANTAGES

• Drugs having bitter, nauseous, unpleasant taste cannot be dispensed in powder form.

• Deliquescent & Hygroscopic drug cannot be given in powder form.

• Drugs affected by atmospheric condition cannot be given in powder form.

• Dispensing is time consuming

• Weighing difficulty ( qty. Less than 100mg.)

2.b. Define incompatibility. What is tolerated and adjusted incompatibility?

Incompatibility:- Incompatibility occurs as a result of mixing two or more antagonistic substances & an undesirable product is formed which may affect the safety, efficacy & appearance of the pharmaceutical preparation.

1. Tolerated incompatibility -

In this type of incompatibility, chemical reaction can be reduced by mixing the solutions in dilute forms or by changing the order of mixing but no alteration is made.

Example (any one example)

Rx

Sodium bicarbonate ………… 1g

Borax ……………………….. 1 g

Phenol ………………………. 0.5g

Glycerine …………………….. 20 ml

Water …………….upto…….. 90 ml

Make a spray solution,

When sodium bicarbonate, borax and glycerine are mixed together in the presence of water, a reaction takes place with the evolution of carbon dioxide. If the mixture is dispensed as such, there are chances of bursting the bottle. Therefore, mix these ingredients in an open vessel until the evolution of carbon dioxide ceases add phenol and transfer the mixture to a bottle.

2. Adjusted incompatibility -

In this type of incompatibility, change in the formulation is needed with a compound of equal therapeutic value

e.g. in the mixture of caffeine citrate and sodium salicylate, caffeine citrate is replaced with caffeine.

Example (any one example)

Rx Caffeine citrate …………… 1g

Sodium salicylate …………. 3g

Water …………………. 90ml

Caffeine citrate is a mixture of equal weights of caffeine and citric acid. the citric acid present in caffeine citrate reacts with sodium salicylate to liberate salicylic acid which get precipitated. If caffeine is used instead of caffeine citrate it forms a soluble complex with sodium salicylates. Hence substitute caffeine citrate with half as much caffeine as that of caffeine citrate to form a clear mixture.

2.c. Explain the term superscription, inscription and subscription.

Superscription: It consist of symbol Rx which is instruction to pharmacist. Rx stands for Latin word recipe meaning ‘ you take’ and Rx represents sign of Jupiter meaning God of healing. This is for praying quick recovery of patient.

Inscription: This is main part of prescription order , contains name and quantities of the prescribed ingredients.

Subscription: It contain direction to the pharmacist for preparing prescription which is usually ‘Mix’,‘ Send tablets’, or ‘capsules’ etc.

2.d.What are elixirs? How do they differ from syrup?

Elixirs - Elixirs are clear, sweetened and flavoured hydro alcoholic liquid preparation intended for oral use.
Elixirs are clear, sweetened and flavoured hydro alcoholic liquid preparation intended for oral use.	Syrup is sweet, viscous, concentrated or nearly saturated aqueous solution of sucrose containing 66.7% w/w of sugar
Uses: Can be used as Antibiotic Antihistaminic Sedative purpose	Uses: Can be simple syrup use for sweetening and flavouring purpose and medicated syrup for therapeutic purpose
More viscous than elixir and less viscous than linctus	less viscous than syrup
Ex Tolu syrup, ginger syrup ect.	Ex chloral hydrate elixir ect

2.e. Describe layout of sterile product area

Clean up area:-In such area cleaning and steaming of packing materials and utensils is done therefore the walls and ceiling are constructed in such a way, that they withstand the effects of steam and chemicals. Generally, epoxy or vinyl paint is coated to solve the purpose. This area must be kept clean by washing it regularly. Precaution must be taken to prevent the growth of microorganism and collection of dust.

Compounding area:-It is nothing but a “preparation” area, where the formula is compounded, and not necessarily aseptic. There should be strict control it that these should not catch dust. The cabinets and counters should be of stainless steel. Ceiling wall and floor should be sealed and can be coated with Epoxy paint. Adequate sink and counter space should be provided.

Aseptic Area: - It is an entirely sealed area from outside atmosphere to keep aseptic environment free from physical and biological contamination. Therefore, at the time of designing and constructing the aseptic area civil work can compose to HVAC (High ventilating and air conditioning) system including the electrical wire and switches. The walls facing outside should have double walled glass partition. Epoxy paints should be used to prevent wall, ceiling ,and floor from the accumulation of dust and microorganisms

The air in the aseptic area should be free from fibers ,,dust and microorganism. This can be achieved by the use of high efficiency particulate air filers (HEPA) which can remove particles upto 0.3 um. HEPA filters are fitted in laminar air flow system in which air free from dust and microorganism flows with uniform velocity. The air is supplied under positive pressure which prevents particulate contamination from sweeping from adjoining areas .Ultraviolet lamps are fitted to maintain sterility.

. The personnel enter in this area through air lock door. Movement should be minimum and restricted during filling procedure

. Quarantine area:- Approved batches from QC department can be kept here before labelling and packing.It must contain space that separates ‘Approved batches’ and ‘In process batches’.This area is only restricted to a responsible person. Labelling and packing area:-Adequate space is required for installation of printing devices and packaging machines In this area, label printing and labelling can be take place. Storage and its disposal:- The finished product are stored under specified storage condition and dispensed off. 2f.Translate the following terms in English: i) Capiendus – To be taken ii) Guttae – A drop, iii) Hora somni – Every hour iv) Trochiscus – A lozenge v) Unguentum – An ointment vi) Dolere urgente – When the pain is severe